civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
Napoleon; napoleon (Japanese card game)
Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543.1.31-1616.6.1), Shougun 1603-1605
rich person; millionaire; magnate; big spender; debauchee
upstart; nouveau riche; new money; piece promoted to gold general
industry; diligence; frugality
putting money aside; savings; deposit (e.g. in a bank); accumulated surplus of wins; wins in the bank
motive power; driving force
execution (e.g. of a plan); carrying out; practice; action; implementation; fulfillment
refined taste; elegant pursuits
aeroplane; airplane; aircraft
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
crossing; traversing; traversing horizontally; passing west to east (or east to west); cutting horizontally
reverse movement; retrogression; going backwards; retrogradation; retrogression
palanquin; litter; bier; kago
basket (shopping, etc.); hamper; cage
train (esp. long distance train); steam train
war; fighting; fierce competition
monotony; monotone; dullness; monotone; monotonic
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
debt; loan; liabilities; borrowing money
demonstration; verification; substantiation; actual proof
as much as one can; as much as possible; if at all possible
carapace; shell; 1st in rank; grade A; instep; back of hand
second (party to an agreement); the B party (e.g. in a contract); stylish; chic; strange; quaint
public (attention, recognition, etc.); social (standing, acceptance, etc.); worldly (fame, desires, etc.)
possible; likely; probable
authority; expert; counter for messages, letters, notes, documents, etc.; understanding (esp. of male-female relations); tact; supernatural powers
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
Europeans and Americans; Westerners
the East; the Orient; (East) Asia; Japan
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
torii; Shinto shrine archway
geisha; professional female entertainer, usu. at traditional banquets
dreamlike; dreamy; phantasmagorical