indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
that day; the very same day
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
major incident; major happening; big scandal
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
various; all sorts of; variety of; (arch.) various colors (colours)
to recall; to remember; to recollect
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(arch.) clearly; (arch.) brightly; cleanly; purely
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
rapidly; vigorously; by leaps and bounds; steadily
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
coincidence; chance; by chance; unexpectedly; contingency
incident; affair; happening; event
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
many; much; plenty; hardly
to be piled up; to lie on top of one another; to come one after another; to happen over and over; to overlap (each other); to occur at the same time
to rise up; to initiate (political) action
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
feeling; sense; impression
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
Qing dynasty (China, 1644-1912); Ch'ing dynasty; Manchu dynasty
sure; no mistaking it; for certain; without doubt
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
very strange; bizarre; weird; mysterious
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...