this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
next (e.g. "next April"); forthcoming; coming; to come; to arrive; to be due to
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to give (as a gift); to present; to confer; to bestow; to award
brothers and sisters; siblings; half-siblings; step-siblings; mate; friend
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (of China; 9-23 CE)
command; direction; supervision; conducting (an orchestra, choir, etc.)
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
that is (to say); namely; precisely; exactly; if one does ..., then; in that case
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
than; rather than; instead of; from; out of; except
what time; (lit.) which hour
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
old; former; the old; old things; old times; bygone days
style; way; shape; dress; attire; clothing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
following the road; the way the road goes
be that as it may; even so; though that be so
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
edition; version; plate; block; counter for editions of a publication
on the occasion of; at the time of; when; during
publication (of a newspaper, magazine, book, etc.); issue; issue (of banknotes, bonds, passport, etc.); raising (an event)
since; henceforth; ever since
widely; extensively; far and wide; everywhere; all around; generally
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
layer; stratum; class; stratum; sheaf; counter for stories (of a building)
people; men and women; each person; everybody
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to pronounce; to read (e.g. a kanji)