this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
next (e.g. "next April"); forthcoming; coming; to come; to arrive; to be due to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to give (as a gift); to present; to confer; to bestow; to award
siblings; brothers and sisters; brothers; siblings-in-law; brothers-in-law; mate
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
(arch.) it is not so; no; never mind
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
than; from; out of; except; but; more
what time; (lit.) which hour
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
old; former; the old; old things; old times; bygone days
style; way; shape; form; appearance; state
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
be that as it may; even so; though that be so
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
chapter; section; medal; badge; insignia
edition; version; plate; block; editions of a publication
on the occasion of; at the time of
publication; issue (of journal, newspaper, etc.); issue (of banknotes, bonds, passport, etc.); raising an event (software)
widely; extensively; far and wide; everywhere; all around; generally
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
layer; stratum; class; stratum; sheaf; counter for stories (of a building)
people; men and women; each person; everybody
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count