indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to look through; to hold up to the light; to make an opening; to leave space; to fart without making a sound
thin; pale; light; watery; thin; weak (taste, etc.); little (affection, etc.) not much (of a presence)
one thin flat object; one sheet
folding into four; quarto
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
long time; long interval; for quite some time
habit; (social) custom; practice; convention
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
opening (a letter, parcel, etc.); breaking the seal; unboxing (a product); unsealed mail
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
tag; slip; label; sticker
counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper); (arch.) counter for positions or roles; (arch.) counter for food portions (now only gyōza and soba); counter for ranking level
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to turn; to revolve; to visit several places; to function well; to pass a certain time
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
mark; sign; symbol; emblem; badge; crest
no more than; just; only; mere; goes no further than