foreword; preface; introduction; postscript
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
expression; presentation; representation; notation
et cetera; etc.; and the like; and so forth
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
title; index; heading; headline; caption
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to put up (a notice, sign, etc.); to hang out (e.g. a banner); to hold up high; to raise overhead; to tout (a principle, plan, etc.); to herald; to publish
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to make fun of; to look down on; to make light of
large part; greater part; people in general; general public; mostly; for the most part
the end; closing; being done for; that's it; that's enough; that's all
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix
cosmetics; toilet articles
statement of the efficacy of a medicine
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
to spurn; to snub; to treat with contempt
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
have to (verb); must (verb); is indispensable; absolutely necessary
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to restrict; to limit; to be restricted to; to be limited to; to be best (for); to be the best plan
piece (e.g. poetry); poem; essay; book; story
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
not serious; frivolous; insincere; unsteady
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
for (e.g. "she dances well for an eight-year old"); considering it's (something or someone)
rise and fall; ups and downs; welfare; vicissitudes
smallness; small item; short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days); elementary school; smaller (of two things, places, etc. with the same name); inferior; younger (of two people with the same name)
individual; private person; personal; private
life and death; life or death
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to concern; to be related