foreword; preface; introduction; postscript
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
declining; refusal; rejection; announcement; notice
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
work (e.g. book, film, composition, etc.); opus; performance; production
old man; venerable gentleman; venerable; old; father
rod; pole; neck (of a shamisen, etc.); shamisen; beam (i.e. the crossbar of a balance); single line (esp. as a flying formation for geese); penis
notes; comment; remark; annotation
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
without; unacceptable; not alright; unsatisfactory
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
explanation; interpretation
(not) ever; (not) by any means; (not) in the least; (not) in any way; (not) at all
have to (verb); must (verb); is indispensable; absolutely necessary
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
creator (of a work); author; writer; artist; composer; playwright
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
creation; Creation (by God)
no more than; just; only; mere; goes no further than
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
name; given name; first name
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
outline; main points; generally; on the whole; general; rough
environment; circumstance
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)