(religious) faith; belief; creed
from the place (where); from the fact that ...; caused by the fact that ...; because
Japanese person; Japanese people
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
Western civilization; Western civilisation
surface; face; outside; exterior; appearances; superficiality
defeat; loss; reverse; setback
hourly; from one minute to the next; from hour to hour; moment by moment; with each passing moment
lofty; sublime; noble; the sublime (aesthetics)
to go in the direction of; to proceed toward; to become; to face (facts, circumstances, etc.); (arch.) to abide by; (arch.) to agree to
important; momentous; essential; principal; major
(political) administration; political power
opposition; resistance; antagonism; reverse; opposite; inverse
angry; indignant; wrathful; enraged
deep in the mountains; mountain recesses
to hide; to be hidden; to conceal oneself; to disappear
advantage; benefit; profit; interest
(arch.) it is not so; no; never mind
famous sword; excellent sword
next (year, spring, etc.); coming; since (last month, etc.); for (20 years, etc.)
to pierce; to stab; to sting; to bite; to sew; to stitch; to pole (a boat)
people; men and women; each person; everybody
to explain; to advocate; to preach; to persuade
taking advantage of (an opportunity); jumping on the bandwagon; taking passage (in); getting a lift; getting a ride
to pull out; to draw out; to omit; to leave out; to do to the end; to carry through; to let out (e.g. air from a tyre)
to seem to be ...; to become like ...; to behave as ...
without intermission for ten (long) years; with constancy of purpose for ten (long) years; in the same old rut for years on end
eternal; everlasting; unchangeable; invariant
political thought; political philosophy; political idea; idea about politics
illusion; fallacy; delusion
Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
clanship; clannism; clan favoritism; clan favouritism
censure; denunciation; (verbal) attack; blaming
bureaucrat; government official; bureaucracy
attack; assault; raid; criticism; censure; denunciation
man of virtue; wise man; person of high rank; the four gentlemen (plum, chrysanthemum, orchid, and bamboo)
sudden change; complete change