mono no aware; appreciation of the fleeting nature of beauty; pathos of things; strong aesthetic sense
Western person; Westerner
complete stranger; total stranger
literary world; literary circles
to compete; to vie; to make fight against another (person, animal); to pit against; to debate; to argue
natural; understandable; reasonable; no wonder
translation into (classical) Chinese; translation into kanbun; kango translation; translation into Japanese using kanji
to be hard (to do); to be difficult; to require much effort; to be laborious; to be backbreaking; to have trouble (doing)
comparatively; relatively
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
insufficient; inadequate; imperfect
translation; version (e.g. "English version")
pains; hard work; effort; trouble; labour; labor
labour; labor; effort; toil; trouble
heartfelt; sincere; wholehearted
kind; sort; species; species
han; fan; unit that doubles the score of a hand
to pass; to pass on; to give (something) a miss; to cut it out; to knock off (for the day); to let the matter drop
to obey (an order, law, etc.); to abide by (a rule, custom, etc.); to follow (a person); to accompany; to go alongside (e.g. a river); to follow (e.g. a sign)
Tenpyō-hōji era (757.8.18-765.1.7)
August; eighth month of the lunar calendar
to make a decision; to draw a conclusion; to give a judgement; to hand down a verdict; to let go down; to lower; to do oneself
to be given; to be granted; to be honored with; to give; to bestow; to confer
Emperor Junnin; Junnin Tenno (733-765 CE, reigning: 758-764 CE)
careful consideration; thought
must not do; should not do; do not do
emperor; ruler (with a heavenly mandate); heavenly being; celestial being
to wish (for); to pray (for); to hope (for); to pray silently; to recite (Buddha's name, sutras, etc.) in one's mind; to chant (a silent prayer)
battle; war; (arch.) weapons and armour; (arch.) arms
in (e.g. secret); with (e.g. success)
whole family; entire family; all over the house; throughout the house; retainer of a daimyo; feudal domain
to sever; to cut off; to suppress; to eradicate; to abstain (from); to give up
omen (usu. good); (auspicious) sign; first two anniversaries of a person's death
to catch (a wild animal or fish); to capture; to hunt; to win (a title, prize, etc.); to conquer
to discuss; to talk about; to argue; to dispute; to take into consideration; to make an issue of
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
should do; ought to do; must do
Shoku Nihongi (second of the six classical Japanese history texts)
meaning; point (e.g. of a statement); gist; goal; intent; object