indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
heaven and earth; top and bottom
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be completed; to be finished; to be ready (e.g. to serve or eat); to be very drunk
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
Japanese person; Japanese people
number one; first; best; most; game; round
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
ancestor; forefather; foremother
Amenominakanushi (first god and the source of the universe according to Shinto)
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
to say; to speak; to tell; to talk
God; god; ace; king; superior person
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
quantity; amount; volume; number; amount of money
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
field; plain; prairie; moor
the point of ...; the place where ...; a place called ...; places known as ...; I would say ...; ... is how I'd put it
honorific/polite/humble prefix
birth; birthplace; born in (country, month, imperial era, zodiac year, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
(giving) birth; childbirth; native of; product of; assets; property
miraculous god; wonder-working god
both people; two people; two directions; both directions
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion