one's junior; younger generation; next generation; moving backwards; backing up; reversing
life; lifetime; career; for life; all one's life; throughout one's life
to turn one's head; to look over one's shoulder; to turn around; to think back (on); to reminisce; to look back (on)
route; course; path; one's future course (e.g. after graduating high school)
to decide; to determine; to establish; to lay down; to bring peace (to); to make peaceful
reaching; attaining; arrival
foreign relations; international relations; external relations; diplomacy
when it comes to; concerning (an area of expertise)
this world; this life; world of the living
soft and lacking firmness; weak; weak-willed; spineless; weak (market); bearish
attack; assault; criticism; censure; cyber attack (e.g. DDoS)
closure of ports; excluding foreign ships from ports
foreign; abroad; overseas
envoy; ambassador; delegate; emissary; mission
dispatch; despatch; deployment; temporary employee (esp. from an agency); temporary worker; agency temp
(not) in any way; (not) at all; (none) whatsoever; what kind of
channel (e.g. between two land masses); strait
the United Kingdom and the United States; Britain and America; Anglo-American
orchid; Netherlands; Holland
Shikoku (smallest of the four main islands of Japan)
(incoming) attack; raid; invasion; assault
repulse; repelling (e.g. the enemy); driving back
urban areas; the streets; town; city
exactly; just; right (when); just (as); just (about to); on the point of
occupying; having (an area) all to oneself; military occupation; possession; capture
to lick; to lap; to taste; to experience (esp. a hardship); to underestimate; to make light of
reconciliation (between warring nations); (making of) peace
possibly; apparently; (seem) likely; somehow or other; with difficulty; barely
black ships; Western ships that came to Japan between the 16th and 19th centuries, esp. those of the Perry Expedition in 1853; foreign disruptor (of the Japanese market); product, person, etc. arriving from the West and disturbing the Japanese market
congratulation; celebration
top and bottom; high and low; going up and down; rising and falling; going and coming back; upper and lower classes; ruler and ruled
shaking; trembling; pitching; disturbance; unrest; agitation
bigoted; obstinate; stubborn; pigheaded
to abuse (verbally); to curse at; to shout abuse at; to speak ill of
traitor (to one's country)
to claim victims; to cause casualties
to like; to love; to be fond of
to become hoarse; to become husky