spell; curse; dharani; mantra
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
letter; missive; note; mail
door (esp. Japanese-style); shutter; window shutter; (arch.) entrance (to a home); (arch.) narrows
across; over; beyond; throughout (a period of time); for
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
sunlight; sunshine; sunbeams
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
engawa; external corridor on the outer side of traditional Japanese houses; bone at the base of a fin; meat at the base of a fin (esp. of a flatfish)
to wear (sword, decoration, etc.); to carry; to be entrusted (e.g. with a mission); to take on; to have a trace of; to be tinged with
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to force; to compel; to coerce; to press; to impose
document; official papers
to hit (a person); to strike; to beat; to deliver (a speech); to give (an address)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
column; beam; girder; digit; decade; order of magnitude
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
spreading; laying out; security deposit; Japanese mattress
to scatter; to cause a shower of; to disperse; to distribute; to resolve (a symptom, condition, etc.); to relieve
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Mr; Mrs; clan; he; him; counter for people
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
tongue; tongue-like object; clapper (of a bell); talon (of a lock)
hitting a ball; batting; stroke
while; during; while; although; all; both
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
adhering to; being a stickler for; being particular about; worrying too much about
nature; property; disposition
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
police; police officer; police station
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
company president; manager; director
chair; stool; post; office; position