indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
unevenness (of colour, paint, etc.); irregularity; unevenness (of quality, results, behaviour, etc.); inconsistency; fickleness; capriciousness
to excel at; to be proficient at; to grow old; to ripen; to rise high (e.g. the sun)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
just (now); quite (near); unintentionally; subconsciously
to express (orally); to put into words; to say out loud
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
dubious; puzzled; suspicious
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to draw close to; to edge up to; to snuggle up to; to nestle close to; to cuddle with; to draw closer to
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
easy; trifling; harmless; nothing of the sort; not at all
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
ghost; apparition; goblin; monster; something unusually large
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
elementary school; primary school; school for children over eight years old in ancient China; traditional Chinese philology
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
for (e.g. "she dances well for an eight-year old"); considering it's (something or someone)
considerably; fairly; quite