indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
gas (state of matter, e.g. poison gas, natural gas); gasoline; gas; dense fog; thick fog; gas stove
(face) mask; (facial) features; looks; mask (e.g. for circuit etching)
yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)
to get tired; to become exhausted; to become worn out; to become battered (from long use); to get tired of (doing); to get fed up with
whole family; entire family; all over the house; throughout the house; retainer of a daimyo; feudal domain
echo; reverberation; sound (esp. the distinctive sound of an object or activity, e.g. rain, gun, gallop, drum); noise; quality of a sound (e.g. a fine phrase, clear voice, resonant bell); feeling of a sound
to cross over; to go across; to extend; to cover; to range
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
(one's) father-in-law; (one's) employer; master; principal supporter of a temple; influential temple parishioner
sculpture; carved statue; graven image
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
your wife; his wife; secret meeting; secrecy
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
paper; note; document; bill
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
opportunity; chance; folding; fold; small food box (wooden or cardboard); folding in ... (two, three, etc.); counter for folded items
bag; satchel; briefcase; basket
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
to receive; to get; to accept; to take; to interpret; to understand
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Buddhist (household) altar
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down); to put on; to bear (guilt, etc.)
daily life; daily living; waking up and going to sleep
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
haori (Japanese formal coat)