shaft; axle; mandrel; arbor; centre of a group
painful; bitter; tough; difficult; cruel; harsh
through; throughout; in the course of; all over or throughout (e.g. a place)
to be conceivable that; to be thinkable that
still more; even more; all the more; still less; even less
pity; sympathy; compassion; affection; love
court lady; lady-in-waiting (Heian period); separate room in a palace (esp. for a lady) (Heian period); room for a very low class prostitute; very low class prostitute
grand; imposing; magnificent
disharmony; discord; dissonance; incongruity
decrepitude; senescence; superannuation
willpower; energy; vitality
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
idea; notion; sense (e.g. of duty); resignation; preparedness; observation and contemplation
weak constitution; ill health
qian (one of the trigrams of the I Ching: heaven, northwest)
luster and color; lustre and colour
all-night vigil over a body; wake
lung disease; chest trouble; pulmonary tuberculosis
omen; portent; sign; premonition; harbinger; precursor
having to be; must be; should be; ought to be
able-bodied; robust; sturdy; strong
every other; second; alternate
all night; throughout the night
to be forced to do or experience something (against one's will); to be forced to do something because one has no other choice
danger; peril; hazard; risk
Japanese beech (Fagus crenata); Siebold's beech
reform; reformation; reorganization
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance
each (every) time; whenever
a certain someone; Mr So-and-so
main or important road; influential or important position; the authorities
naming; nominating; designating; calling on; asking for; requesting
guarantee; security; assurance; pledge; warranty
engaging in (work); pursuing (e.g. studies); following (a profession); being involved in
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
development; growth; development (of a situation, story, etc.); advancement; playing around; having an active sex life
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
exhaustion; consumption; using up; dissipation; waste
ascending and descending; going up and down