yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
sense organ; sensory organ
mode (e.g. of a machine); setting; state (of mind); mode (e.g. work mode, study mode); mode; mode
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
space (between); gap; period of time (during, while); duration; between (two parties or things); among (a group); relations (between)
input; (data) entry; typing
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
amount of information; information content (information theory); Shannon information; surprisal
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
throughput; processing power
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
appropriate; suitable; fitting; apt; proper; right
to behave; to conduct oneself; to act; to treat (someone) to (food or drink); to entertain (e.g. to lunch)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
please (give me); please (do for me)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
(dance) partner; (work) partner; partner; spouse
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
burden; load; responsibility; bearing (a cost, responsibility, etc.); shouldering
few; little; small (amount); low; scarce; insufficient
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix
disliking; hating; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
that being the case; in that case; if that's how it's going to go
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to make sure; to check; to ascertain; to confirm; to verify
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
regret; repentance; remorse