indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
honorific/polite/humble prefix
dad; daddy; papa; sugar daddy
structure; construction; makeup; framework; organization; pattern
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
android; Android (mobile operating system)
member of an assembly; member of the Diet; member of parliament; member of Congress
test piece; test object; specimen
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
questionnaire; survey; poll
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
citizen (of a country); citizenry; citizen (of a city); resident; bourgeoisie; middle class
opinion; view; comment; scolding; reprimand; rebuke
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
putting together (e.g. opinions); gathering; collecting; aggregating; summarizing; integrating
congress; parliament; diet; legislative assembly
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
response; reply; answer; defence; defense
to ask a question; to ask questions
character; personality; (fictional) character; character
nature (of a person); sex; gender; sex (i.e. sexual attraction, activity, etc.); gender; -ty
to stick to; to cling to; to adhere to; to become intimate (of a man and woman); to get close; to get married
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
destructive blast; blowing up; explosion
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
to break; to destroy; to wreck; to ruin; to break (a bill, etc.)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)