honorific/polite/humble prefix
wish; desire; hope; prospect; expectation; (one's) hopes
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
elegance; grace; article; item; counter for items (of food, etc.); counter for dishes or courses (at a restaurant)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
elder sister; effeminate man
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
addition; supplement; appending; appendix
remuneration; recompense; reward; toll
begging; pestering; pleading; coaxing
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
public safety; public welfare
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn toward; to look (up, down, etc.); to face (e.g. east) (of a building, window, etc.); to look out on; to point (of an arrow, compass needle, etc.); to be suited to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
profit; gains; benefit; advantage; grace (of God, Buddha, etc.) (esp. as attained through rightful actions, prayer, adherence to one's faith, etc.); blessing
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
please (give me); please (do for me)
reserve; constraint; declining; refraining; forethought; foresight
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
control; management (e.g. of a business)
program (of events, music, etc.); programme; program (booklet); brochure; (computer) program; programming
renewal; update; innovation; improvement
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case