indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
posture; position; stance
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yikes; oops; eep; wow; aargh
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
to ingest; to eat; to enter the mouth; to be able to eat
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; used for soft emphasis or to soften a statement or request; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
special; particular; peculiar; unique
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
readiness; (mental) preparedness; resolution; determination; resignation (to one's fate)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
willpower; guts; determination; character; nature; disposition
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to be able to manage somehow or other
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly