udon; thick Japanese wheat noodles
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
genius; prodigy; natural gift
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
flair; flash; insight; flash (of inspiration, wit, etc.); waving (e.g. of a flag in the wind)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
perhaps; probably; generous; many; much
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
which (of three or more); well; now; c'mon
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to cause trouble (for someone); to annoy; to bother; to inconvenience
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
sure; no mistaking it; for certain; without doubt
more or less; though not quite satisfactorily; tentatively; for the time being; just in case; once
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
favourite dish (favorite); favourite food
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
bread roll sandwich with croquette filling
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
this; our; the ... in question; right; justice; fairness
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
record; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); results; to record; to document
such; like that; that sort of; very
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to