indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
disliking; hating; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
drumming (noise); beating; rapidly; quickly; continuously; one after the other
to sink; to go under; to go down (e.g. sun); to set; to feel depressed; to become subdued
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
by no means; never!; certainly (not); surely (not); something unexpected; emergency
ghost; specter; spectre; apparition; phantom
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
older sister; lass; young lady
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
year; age; years; past one's prime; old age
paradise; heaven; Kingdom of Heaven
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father