indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
flesh; meat; flesh (of a fruit); pulp; the physical body (as opposed to the spirit); flesh; thickness
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
honorific/polite/humble prefix
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
older sister; lass; young lady
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
older sister; elder sister; young lady; miss; ma'am; older girl
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
suffix for familiar person
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
elder sister; effeminate man
daikon (variety of large white Oriental radish, Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus); ham actor
carrot (Daucus carota); Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
pig (Sus scrofa domesticus); pork; fatso; fatty