indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
adds force or indicates command
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
to come down; to go down; to hang; to dangle; to move back; to step back; to deteriorate
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
order of chivalry; chivalric order
leader of a delegation (body, party)
swordsman; swordswoman; fencer
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
honorific/polite/humble prefix
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
Saint; St.; S.; sacred; holy; pure
body; group; party; company; troupe