very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
firing (esp. a rocket or missile); launching; shooting; ejaculation
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
composition; construction; formation; makeup; structure; organization
complete; completion; perfection; accomplishment
24 hours; twenty-four hours
blind spot (e.g. of a driver); dead angle; dead ground; dead space
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
sky; the skies; high-altitude sky; upper air
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
optional; voluntary; arbitrary; arbitrary
goal; target; aim; mark; sign; landmark
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shoot (at); to attack; to defeat; to destroy
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
that's the way it is; such is life
Japanese person; Japanese people
erasure; denial; obliteration; ignoring (an opinion)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
injury; wound; mistake; accident; loss
interest; entertainment; pleasure; implicit comparison (style of the Shi Jing)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
reinforcement (e.g. of troops)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
annihilation; total destruction; complete destruction; crushing defeat
supply; supplying; replenishment
goods; materials; commodities; resources; supplies