yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
all; entire; whole; altogether
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
thanks (for coming, helping, etc.); glad you could make it; tiredness; fatigue
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
hah (derisively); pooh; pfft (of something disappearing); poof; huff; puff
suffix for familiar person
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to allow; to let (somebody) do; to make (somebody) do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
starting; inauguration; launch; founding; establishment; start-up
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
forcibly; against one's will
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now