indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
soccer club (at a school); football club
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
child prodigy; infant genius; wonder child
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
success; passing (e.g. exam); eligibility
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
examination; quiz; test; tryout; rehearsal (in filming)
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
adds force or indicates command
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)