minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
valuation; appraisal; evaluation; appreciation; recognition; acknowledgement
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
cross-country (skiing); cross-country race
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
dropping out; falling behind; omission; being left out; falling off; coming off
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
practice; training; drill; (an) exercise; workout
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
degree; extent; (health) condition; state of health; adjustment; moderation; addition and subtraction
genuine; real; full-scale; full-blown; full-fledged; professional
introduction; bringing in; leading in; installation
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
metre; meter; meter; gauge
second (unit of time); arc second
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
establishment; creation; posing (a problem); options setting; preference settings; configuration
considerable; great; important; significant; a big deal
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
amateur; layman; respectable woman (i.e. not a prostitute, hostess, geisha); (arch.) unlicensed prostitute
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
preliminary contest; qualifying round; trial; heat; primary
entry qualifications; joining qualifications
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last