indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
adds force or indicates command
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
alone; by oneself; on one's own
(stage) appearance; performance; participation (e.g. in a tournament)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
in that way; thus; so; so?
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to feel; to sense; to experience