indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
true ancestor; var. of vampire (in fiction)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
dawn; daybreak; event (e.g. "in the event of ..."); occasion; occurrence
now; the present time; just now; another; more
island; one's territory (e.g. of a sex worker, organized crime gang); one's turf
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
holly olive (Osmanthus heterophyllus); false holly; holly; spotnape ponyfish (Leiognathus nuchalis)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
counter for birds, rabbits, etc.
dyer's knotweed (Persicaria tinctoria, used to produce indigo dye); indigo (dye); indigo (colour)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?