lion; left-hand guardian dog at a Shinto shrine
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
sniff; sniff-sniff (esp. an animal); whining; whimpering
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
between-meal snack; mid-afternoon (around 3 o'clock) snack; afternoon refreshment; afternoon tea
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to wash; to cleanse; to inquire into; to investigate; to purify (one's heart); to lave (e.g. shore)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
endurance; patience; perseverance; self-control; self-restraint
mumbling; chewing one's words; chewing (food); squirming; wriggling
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
dangerous; risky; awful; terrible; terrific; amazing
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
(what) the heck; (why) in the world; one object; one body; one form; one style
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
barnyard millet (Echinochloa esculenta); Japanese millet; sanwa millet