indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
honorific/polite/humble prefix
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
cookie; biscuit; cookie (browser-related file sent from a WWW server)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
two persons; two people; pair; couple
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...