how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
by any chance; (should) it happen (that); by some chance
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
painful; difficult; distressing; (psychologically) difficult; straitened (circumstances); tight (financial situation)
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
worry; concern; anxiety; care; help; aid
sniff; sniff-sniff (esp. an animal); whining; whimpering
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
sweet-tasting; sweet; fragrant (smelling); sweet (music); lightly salted; light in salt; naive
to smell; to smell of; to have a smell
this and that; such and such
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to grow up; to become an adult; to become big; to grow in size
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
until now; so far; up to the present
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?