indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
wonderful; marvelous; strange; strangely enough; oddly enough; for some reason
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be surprised; to be amazed; to be frightened; surprise (e.g. surprise party)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to become less crowded; to thin out; to get empty; to be hungry
yeah, yeah; whatever; yes; sure; hello; giddy-up
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
whirling; revolving; coiling around; winding around; working tirelessly; working hard
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
school principal; school headmaster; school headmistress
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
absence; being away from home; house-sitting; house-sitter; being left unattended to (of one's studies, etc.); neglecting
about to start out; just about to leave or go out; outing; trip
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)