indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
devil; evil spirit; genie
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
adds force or indicates command
rudeness; impoliteness; discourtesy; insolence
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
wing; Chinese "Wings" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); (arch.) counter for birds or bird wings
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
attack; assault; attempt; try
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
fatigue; weariness; exhaustion; tiredness
plus; addition; positive number; gain; advantage; anode
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
older brother; elder brother; brother (as older-brother figure in friendly and or work relationship); young man; buddy
difference (of opinion); strange; odd; different
ultimate; ultimate (sport); ultimate frisbee
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
destruction; disruption; (application) crash