indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
ultimate; ultimate (sport); ultimate frisbee
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
attack; assault; attempt; try
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
Bolu (Turkey); Bor (Russia)
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
twelve; 12; queen (playing card)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
adds force or indicates command
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
(one's) older brother; young man; sonny; lad
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
show (of power, ability, etc.); exhibition; demonstration; display; manifestation
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
kiss; squeak (as in the sound made by mice); sound of liquid being sucked up
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
remnant; residue; remaining; left-over
destruction; disruption; (application) crash