indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
twelve; 12; queen (playing card)
attack; assault; attempt; try
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
kiss; squeak (as in the sound made by mice); sound of liquid being sucked up
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
adds force or indicates command
uncle; old man; mister; manybar goatfish (Parupeneus multifasciatus)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
show (of power, ability, etc.); exhibition; demonstration; display; manifestation
deck (e.g. ship, tape, cassette, observation, train vestibule)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle