indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
devil; evil spirit; genie
rudeness; impoliteness; discourtesy; insolence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
attack; assault; attempt; try
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
difference (of opinion); strange; odd; different
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
running the whole distance
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
adds force or indicates command
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
(one's) older brother; young man; sonny; lad
kiss; squeak (as in the sound made by mice); sound of liquid being sucked up
phoenix (bird of Egyptian mythology); phoenix (any palm tree of genus Phoenix, incl. the date palm)
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
test; trial; probation; ordeal; tribulation
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
how; in what way; how about
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation