lion; left-hand guardian dog at a Shinto shrine
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the end; the extremity; the limit; the limits; the result
gold (Au); golden; prosperous; money (esp. ōban coin); cash
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to shine; to glitter; to sparkle
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
the Monkey (ninth sign of the Chinese zodiac); hour of the Monkey (around 4pm, 3-5pm, or 4-6pm); west-southwest; 7th month of the lunar calendar
twelve; 12; queen (playing card)
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
indication; sign; hint; tone (of the market)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
prediction; prophecy; prognostication
right; correct; proper; righteous; just
beyond this point; from now on; after this
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
Bolu (Turkey); Bor (Russia)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
attack; assault; attempt; try
deck (e.g. ship, tape, cassette, observation, train vestibule)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper); (arch.) counter for positions or roles; (arch.) counter for food portions (now only gyōza and soba); counter for ranking level
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
tearing up and discarding (e.g. documents); disposal (e.g. weaponry); annulment; cancellation; reversal (of an original ruling)
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
seal; to seal (e.g. a letter); to affix a seal; to seal up
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
show (of power, ability, etc.); exhibition; demonstration; display; manifestation
running the whole distance
designation; specification; assignment; appointment; pointing at
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as