indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
summons; summonsing; citation; subpoena; arraigning; calling
rudeness; impoliteness; discourtesy; insolence
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
devil; evil spirit; genie
twelve; 12; queen (playing card)
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
attack; assault; attempt; try
effect; effectiveness; efficacy; effects (e.g. sound effects, visual effects, special effects)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
gas (state of matter, e.g. poison gas, natural gas); gasoline; gas; dense fog; thick fog; gas stove
(one's) older brother; young man; sonny; lad
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
show (of power, ability, etc.); exhibition; demonstration; display; manifestation
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
adds force or indicates command
destruction; disruption; (application) crash
difference (of opinion); strange; odd; different
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
how; in what way; how about
mistake; error; accident; mishap; improper conduct (e.g. between man and woman); indiscretion
flame; blaze; flames (of intense emotion, e.g. love, jealousy, anger); passion
card (information, filing, etc.); card (greetings, congratulations, etc.); (Western) playing cards; credit card; debit card; match; game