previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
outline; summary; argument
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
(weather) front; front line; forward area; action zone
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
wisdom; intelligence; intellect
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make a display of; to show off; to flaunt
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
adds force or indicates command
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
manufacturing equipment; production machine; maker
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
just like; (virtually) no different from; (almost) the same as; as good as (e.g. dead, settled)
incredible; unbelievable; terrific; impressive
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
gentlemanly; well-mannered; well-bred; gentlemanlike
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?