right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
suffix for familiar person
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
birthday party; birthday meet-up
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
that's good; that's nice; like (on social media); is that clear?; OK?
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
prior; beforehand; in advance; before the fact; ex ante
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
reason; cause; meaning; sense; (good) sense; reason
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
butter from cow's milk; storax (resin); styrax; toad venom
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
extreme; ultra; mega; damn; stupid; cursed
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryō period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do together; to put together; to lump together; to regard in the same light; to put in the same category; to arrange for (two people) to marry
killing two birds with one stone
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)