truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
tea drinking; teahouse; tearoom; coffee lounge
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
renovation; overhaul; update; repair; improvement; renewal
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
café; cafe; coffeehouse; hostess bar (serving western alcoholic beverages; Taisho and Showa period)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come; to go; to be (somewhere); to be (doing)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
waterway; channel; wake (of a ship)
suffix for familiar person
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
in that way; thus; so; so?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
addition; supplement; appending; appendix
amount necessary to fill a container (e.g. cupful, spoonful, etc.); drink (usu. alcoholic); full; one squid, octopus, crab, etc.; one boat; fully; to capacity
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
sleeping pill; sleep medication
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be effective; to take effect; to work; to function well; to be possible (to do, use, etc.); to be able to
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence