let me see; well; errr ...; uhh ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(nth) power; counter for vehicles; multiplication; Buddha's teachings
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
waterway; channel; wake (of a ship)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
summer term (e.g. school); summer period
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
sleepy; drowsy; somnolent
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
really; truly; indeed; good grief