indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(one's) whereabouts; destination; where one is headed; outcome; course (of events); future
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
still; as yet; as it has been
clue; lead; key; handhold; hold
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to seize; to catch; to obtain; to acquire; to understand; to grasp
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.); (on) site; (on) the ground; filming location; (movie) set
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
witnessing; observing; sighting
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
acting as agent; acting on (someone's) behalf; executing business for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
system; lineage; corollary; system (range of strata that correspond to a particular time period); (taxonomical) series
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
now that you mention it; come to think of it; that reminds me; on that subject; speaking of which
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
mat; canvas (boxing, wrestling)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
don't you think?; indicates question
perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise