culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
town; block; street; road; chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m); chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
person; -er; (arch.) expert; (arch.) geisha; (arch.) prostitute
style; way; shape; dress; attire; clothing
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to touch; to feel; to touch (with); to experience; to come in contact with; to touch on (a subject); to allude to
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
wing; Chinese "Wings" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); (arch.) counter for birds or bird wings
a piece; a scrap; a fragment; iota; modicum; trace
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
as many as one likes; as much as one likes; great many; plenty; almost (none); (not) much
to replace (a picture, sign, hanging scroll, etc.); to substitute; to take down (an old picture, etc.) and put up a new one; to move (a picture, etc.) to another location; to hang somewhere else
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
book; volume; this; present; main; head; real
to become stormy; to become rough (of the sea); to fall into ruin; to become neglected; to become rough (of skin); to get chapped