indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
in this way; like this; this (much); so; uh; er
to differ (from); to be different; to be wrong; to be incorrect; to become abnormal; to go wrong
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
dear (old); fondly remembered; beloved; missed; nostalgic
to dream (i.e. while asleep); to have a dream; to dream (of the future); to have a fleeting experience
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
cool (temperature, color, etc.); cool (i.e. calm and collected); cool-headed; cool (i.e. fashionable or stylish); course (of medical treatment)
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
reserve; constraint; declining; refraining; forethought; foresight
(ancient) Japan; Yamato kingdom; Yamato (former province located in present-day Nara Prefecture); Yamato (battleship)
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
confections; sweets; candy; cake
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
business; things to do; engagement; errand; affairs
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
is that so?; I see; right; oh
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
Mr; master; Ms; miss; (arch.) sir; (arch.) madam
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
(doing) together; one lump; one mixture; the same; identical; (at) the same time
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to do completely; to do accidentally; to do without meaning to; to happen to do