indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
to be buried; to be covered; to overflow; to be crowded; to be repaid (e.g. debt); to be replenished
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
(common) cold; influenza; flu; ague; inflammatory respiratory system illness (in general)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
bell pepper; green pepper; pimiento; pimento; capsicum
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
adds force or indicates command
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point (in geometry)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
network; Internet; net (hair, netball, etc.); net (price, weight, etc.); nett
peace; tranquility; tranquillity; (arch.) happy-go-lucky
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
stuffed toy; stuffed animal; plush toy; soft toy; cuddly toy
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave