indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
rough; wild; violent; immoderate; extravagant; reckless
breath; breathing; tone; mood
sanpaku eyes (eyes with visible white between the iris and the lower eyelid)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
certain; sure; definite; reliable; sound; solid
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
hello; good day; good afternoon
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
strange; weird; wonder; mystery; cleverness; adroitness
aroma; fragrance; scent; smell
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
apple (fruit); apple tree (Malus pumila)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to give; to offer; to lift up; to hold up; to raise
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
survival; survivor; relic
he; she; this; this one; Hey, you!; You bastard!
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to tease; to make fun of; to poke fun at; to make a crack about; to chaff; to kid
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
food to fill one's stomach; something to satisfy one's hunger
to do for (someone); to take in; to deceive; to hoodwink
a-ha-ha (laughing loudly)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?