indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
for now; for the time being; for the present; though not quite satisfactorily; after a fashion
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
should; must; -able; probably; likely
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
itself; one's own body; oneself; originally; naturally
unbelievable; incredible; implausible
even though; despite; when
first; foremost; most important; best; greatest; above all
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
jersey (fabric); jersey; (sports) uniform; Jersey (cattle)
to think (something) is improper; to question; to have a problem with
adds force or indicates command
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down); to put on; to bear (guilt, etc.)
to suit; to match; to become; to be like
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
besides; in addition; also; moreover
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
unexpectedly; surprisingly; unexpected; unanticipated; unforeseen
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
absurd; nonsensical; preposterous
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)
cohabitation (usu. of a romantically involved couple); living together
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
group with a common interest (e.g. students); club (e.g. company sports club); circle; circle (shape)
one's future; one's fate; one's way; one's path
bang; bam; noontime signal gun (carried out early Meiji to Taishō); noon gun; last round in a game of 12 rounds; precisely
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
how (beautiful, etc.); what a ...; nothing worth mentioning; nothing special; of what name
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
pretty girl who attracts customers to come inside a shop
superior; excellent; brilliant; outstanding
staff; stuff; stuffing; filling
all present; all concerned; all of us
simultaneously; all at once; in unison