why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
secret ceremony; ritual; sanctum sanctorum
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
sword (esp. a large, double-edged one); blade; bayonet; swordsmanship; stinger; ovipositor
pursuit of knowledge; studying; learning; training; completing a course
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to begin a trip; to depart; to embark; to die; to pass away; to depart this life
Metropolis (of Tokyo); (Tokyo) Metropolitan District; counter for cities and towns; capital
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
childhood friend; friend from infancy; old playmate
to take back; to regain; to get back; to recover
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
(not) even once; (not) ever
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
sometime; someday; one day; some time or other; the other day; in due course
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to pass (a car); to overtake; to surpass; to outstrip; to outdistance
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!