indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
police van; paddy wagon; prisoner transport vehicle
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
strength; power; proficiency; ability
research establishment; research institute; laboratory
near; close; beside; vicinity; proximity; besides
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go by; to go past; to run (between; of a rail service, bus route, etc.); to operate (between); to go indoors; to go into a room; to penetrate
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
escort (e.g. under guard); convoy
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
to continue (for a long time); to occur in succession; to come next (e.g. on TV)
monitoring; watching; observation; surveillance; guarding; supervision
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to scheme; to plan; to play a trick; to invent; to conspire; to frame up
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
single word; a few words; brief comment
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
jack; knave; (electrical) jack; hijack; hijacking
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to say; to be called; to do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become skilled in; to become experienced at; to become tame; to become domesticated
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
I've heard that ...; rumour has it that ...; it appears as if ...
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
to board; to embark on; to get into (a car); to march into; to enter
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
laughable; ridiculous; pitiful; contemptible; absurdity
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
occupying; having (an area) all to oneself; military occupation; possession; capture
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!